We've all been following the machinations of the Harper Government™ as it lurches from scandal to scandal, subverting and short-circuiting democracy in any and every way it can. US war resisters in Canada are no strangers to the government's underhanded methods.
Last summer, the Federal Court of Appeal issued a unanimous decision in favour of war resister Jeremy Hinzman. The court called the rejection of Hinzman's application to remain in Canada on Humanitarian and Compassionate grounds "flawed" and "unreasonable," clearly stating that immigration officers must take into account the applicants' sincerely held beliefs that motivated them to come to refuse illegal orders and come to Canada.
Immediately after that, Minister of Censorship and Deportation Jason Kenney issued "Operational Bulletin 202," which directs immigration officers to automatically reject war resisters claims for refugee status - without even hearing their cases! This is one more example of how the Harper Government™ places itself about the laws of Canada.
Peter Showler, a former head of the Immigration and Refugee Board, current director the Refugee Forum, explains how Operational Bulletin 202 subverts the refugee claims process in this open letter to Jason Kenney.
The Honourable Jason Kenney, P.C., M.P.The War Resisters Support Campaign asks friends of US war resisters in Canada and all opposition parties in Parliament to demand the government to rescind Operational Bulletin 202 immediately.
Citizenship and Immigration Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 1L1
September 19, 2010
Dear Minister,
On July 22 of this year, Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) sent a directive to all Immigration Officers in Canada that sets a basic principle of refugee law on its head. The directive, Operational Bulletin 202, concerns the processing of military deserters who claim refugee status in Canada. The first paragraph of the directive sets out the following line of logic:
Military deserters from other countries have sought refugee protection in Canada. Desertion from the Canadian military is a serious criminal offence. Therefore these deserters may also be serious criminals and therefore inadmissible to Canada.
Conscientious objection to military service, whether by draft resisters or deserters, is a widely recognized ground for granting refugee protection, both in Canada and internationally. Over the years, hundreds of conscientious objectors have been given protection although not all deserters or draft resisters are accepted as refugees. The facts of each individual case are considered, particularly: the motives and sincerity of the claimant, the legality or illegality of the military exercise they are seeking to avoid, and the possibility of excessive punishment or discriminatory prosecution. These are all facts and issues of law to be decided by a member of the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) after hearing the claimant’s testimony and evidence. It is fundamentally wrong-headed and a violation of the UN Refugee Convention to suggest that deserters are automatically inadmissible to Canada before hearing their claim because desertion is an offence in their own country.
Although the bulletin cites a general principle of law, a closer reading identifies the real target of the directive, namely, military deserters from one country, the United States of America. I presume then that military deserters from other, less friendly and more offensive regimes, such as Iran, Burma, Sudan, North Korea, possibly Syria and Kyrgyzstan, are still welcome to seek refugee protection in Canada and that their violation of state laws will not be a deterrent to making a refugee claim. The bulletin implies that military deserters from the US should be treated differently than deserters from other countries. There is no basis in law for that proposition. At the risk of repeating myself, that is the job of the Immigration and Refugee Board and not something to be decided prematurely by a border official before the evidence is heard.
The bulletin then discloses that its precise target is even narrower, namely those U.S. deserters who have already had their refugee claims denied and who have asked to remain in Canada for humanitarian reasons. Once again, the government appears to be circumventing the law and intruding on the independence of the Immigration Officers who are delegated to decide humanitarian applications based on the law and the evidence. It is the Immigration Officer who has the discretion to decide whether a refused claimant, for example, someone who has married a Canadian and may now be the parent of Canadian children, whether that person should be permitted to remain in Canada for humanitarian reasons.
These are difficult decisions with complicated and often heart-rending facts that include the best interests of the children but may also include the violation of US military laws. Regardless of the relevant factors, responsibility for the decision lies within the discretion of the Immigration Officer. Does any Canadian reasonably think that an Immigration Officer is making an independent decision when he or she is instructed, for US deserter cases, to “seek guidance” from the Regional Program Advisor and to copy their communications to very senior levels of their department? The clear implication is that any deserter from the US should be denied permanent residence in Canada no matter how sincere their motive for deserting or how compelling their reasons for staying in Canada.
Operational Bulletin 202 misstates the law and seeks to intrude on the independence of both IRB members and Immigration Officers. Out of respect for due process of law, I urge you to withdraw the bulletin.
Respectfully,
Peter Showler
Director, the Refugee Forum
Human Rights Research and Education Centre
University of Ottawa
We have a new petition, which you can download here, and an informational leaflet with more ideas of how you can help. [links coming soon!]
If you're in Toronto and you want to be part of this effort, please come to the dinner tonight. A suggested donation of $20 gets you dinner, music, a talk by Alyssa Manning about the government's attacks on the judicial independence, and a refresher course on how you can help the campaign.
WHEN:
Monday, March 21
6:00 Dinner
7:00 Programme
WHERE:
Steelworkers Hall
25 Cecil Street (near College/Spadina)
Toronto, ON
Suggested donation: $20
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